In a landmark move bridging the technology and energy sectors, Google and Constellation Energy have announced a sweeping series of agreements aimed at expanding clean energy capacity in the United States. Highlighted by a 20-year power purchase agreement (PPA) enabling investments of more than $4.3 billion, the partnership will add 890 megawatts of new nuclear energy directly to the U.S. PJM grid.
The blockbuster deal represents the latest in a rapidly growing trend of major technology companies forging strategic partnerships with energy producers to secure reliable, carbon-free power for energy-intensive data centers. Crucially, these initiatives achieve capacity expansion without the need to build brand-new nuclear power plants from scratch. The market immediately responded to the announcement, with Constellation’s shares surging by more than 14% on Tuesday morning following the revelation of the multi-billion-dollar pact.
Under the terms of the primary agreement, Google will serve as the anchor customer for a series of facility uprates across six operating nuclear power plants located in Illinois, Pennsylvania, and New Jersey. These uprates will incorporate a combination of physical and digital modernization efforts, successfully adding 890 megawatts of essential baseload power to the PJM grid by the end of 2032. The PJM regional transmission organization is a massive electrical grid spanning 13 states across the industrial Mid-Atlantic and Midwestern regions of the United States.
Industry experts note that uprating existing nuclear infrastructure—which involves modernizing and upgrading critical components such as turbines, steam generators, and digital control systems—delivers substantial capacity gains quickly. More importantly, this approach completely avoids the multi-year regulatory timelines, construction hurdles, and complex interconnection bottlenecks traditionally associated with greenfield energy construction projects.
The agreement between Google and Constellation goes far beyond a single PPA. In addition to the uprate initiative, the two companies announced a separate 15-year energy supply agreement covering an additional 2,700 megawatts of power from Constellation’s broader fleet within the PJM market. Furthermore, the partnership establishes a five-year technology alliance. Under this collaboration, Constellation will deploy Google Cloud and Gemini Enterprise tools across its core operations to accelerate uprate planning, streamline construction processes, and optimize overall plant output.
As part of their forward-looking strategy, the companies also agreed on a comprehensive framework to evaluate future opportunities for developing new clean generation, energy storage, and demand response solutions across the United States. This strategic framework is specifically designed to support Google’s continuous digital and infrastructure growth. It will actively identify potential projects, innovative commercial structures, and supportive policy pathways to integrate additional clean technologies in the years ahead, with an initial prioritization of near-term projects within the PJM footprint.
Joe Dominguez, President and CEO of Constellation Energy, praised the collaboration as a blueprint for the future of American industry.
"This long-term clean energy collaboration with Google can serve as a model for how technology companies and the energy industry can work together to responsibly develop the digital economy and invest in our nation’s energy infrastructure in a way that delivers grid-wide benefits for all, funded by private entities," Dominguez said.
The announcement arrives at a pivotal time for Google, which has significantly accelerated its clean energy procurement activities in recent years to match the rapid expansion of its global data center footprint. According to the company’s recent Environmental Report, Google experienced its largest-ever annual increase in electricity demand, with consumption rising by 37% in 2025.
Despite this immense surge in power demand, the report noted that Google successfully achieved a 2% reduction in its Scope 1 and 2 greenhouse gas emissions during the same period. The company credited its massive, ongoing clean energy purchase program as the foundational factor enabling it to decouple its direct energy use from its carbon emissions.
However, challenges remain on the horizon. Google’s value chain emissions increased significantly during the year, and the company candidly acknowledged in the report that its ambitious "moonshot" climate goals—including its signature 24/7 carbon-free energy ambition—are becoming increasingly difficult to achieve. This friction is primarily driven by the reality that its artificial intelligence infrastructure buildout is accelerating at a pace much faster than the broader electrical grid can be decarbonized.
To counter these systemic challenges, Google has increasingly looked to nuclear energy as a reliable foundation for its operations. The agreement with Constellation follows closely on the heels of Google’s first-ever deal for a nuclear plant life extension and uprate, which took place in September when the tech giant signed a 22-year PPA with Finnish energy company Fortum to support its digital infrastructure investments in Europe.
Amanda Peterson Corio, Global Head of Energy and Power at Google, emphasized the broader socio-economic and grid-reliability benefits of the Constellation partnership.
"We’re committed to meeting our growth responsibly by actively investing in clean, reliable power that brings new capacity to our nation’s grids," Peterson Corio stated. "Our agreement with Constellation to fund nuclear reactor uprates will strengthen the PJM grid, which serves 67 million people, all while protecting energy affordability and supporting local union jobs."
